The association between HLA-B*15:02 and phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: a meta-analysis

Aim: Phenytoin (PHT) is a common anticonvulsant agent known for inducing severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). HLA-B*15:02 as a risk factor of PHT-induced SCARs was reported in numerous studies with inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to establish pooling evidence of this association. Materials & methods: Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 11 studies on 1389 patients, were included for the analyses. There was a significant association between HLA-B*15:02 and PHT-induced SCAR (pooled OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.25-4.19, p = 0.008). Furthermore, there was a significant association regarding Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.15-6.13, p < 0.001) but no association regarding drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom. Conclusion: The results supported the recommendations of HLA-B*15:02 screening before treatment with PHT.