The surgical neuropathologist who examines corticectomy specimens from infants and children with epilepsy is in a unique position to make observations of fundamental importance in understanding the pathogenesis of seizures as well as the basic neurobiology of brain lesions that are associated with epilepsy. Findings on the resected human tissue using novel immunocytochemical and molecular probes can supplement and even build on relevant findings in experimental models, the goal of which is an understanding of epilepsy at cellular and subcellular levels.