In autopsies performed on residents of Mexico City during the 1950s and 1980s (45 males and 24 females and 42 males and 42 females, respectively), concentrations of cadmium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and lead in the lungs were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Sharp increases were noted in samples taken in the 1980s compared to those from the 1950s. In samples from both time periods, the concentrations were influenced by gender. Smoking was not associated with higher levels of the metals. Only lead seemed to have a relation with age. The enormous differences by gender in the 1950s could be due to different patterns of exposure. The differences among samples from both periods appear to be associated with the increase of air pollutants in the metropolitan areas of Mexico City during the years under study. These results reinforce the importance of studying lung tissue to monitor air pollution by metals.