Objective: To investigate the effect of targeted carboxylesterase 1f (Ces1f) gene knockdown on the polarization activity of Kupffer cells (KC) induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) in mice with acute liver failure. Methods: The complex siRNA-EndoPorter formed by combining the small RNA (siRNA) carrying the Ces1f-targeting interference sequence and the polypeptide transport carrier (Endoporter) was wrapped in β-1, 3-D glucan shell to form complex particles (GeRPs). Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group (LPS/D-GalN), a pretreatment group (GeRPs), a pretreatment model group (GeRPs+LPS/D-GalN), and an empty vector group (EndoPorter). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot were used to detect Ces1f mRNA and protein expression levels in the liver tissues of each mouse group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of KC M1 polarization phenotypic differentiation cluster 86(CD86) mRNA and KC M2 polarization phenotypic differentiation cluster 163 (CD163) mRNA in each group. Immunofluorescence double staining technique was used to detect the expression of Ces1f protein and M1/M2 polarization phenotype CD86/CD163 protein in KC. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological damage to liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means among multiple groups, or an independent sample nonparametric rank sum test was used when the variances were uneven. Results: The relative expression levels of Ces1f mRNA/protein in liver tissue of the normal control group, model group, pretreatment group, and pretreatment model group were 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.80 ± 0.03/0.80 ± 0.14, 0.56 ± 0.08/0.52 ± 0.13, and 0.26 ± 0.05/0.29 ± 0.13, respectively, and the differences among the groups were statistically significant (F = 9.171/3.957, 20.740/9.315, 34.530/13.830, P < 0.01). The percentages of Ces1f-positive Kupffer cells in the normal control group, model group, pretreatment group, and pretreatment model group were 91.42%, ± 3.79%, 73.85% ± 7.03%, 48.70% ± 5.30%, and 25.68% ± 4.55%, respectively, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (F = 6.333, 15.400, 23.700, P < 0.01). The relative expression levels of CD86 mRNA in the normal control group, model group, and pretreatment model group were 1.00 ± 0.00, 2.01 ± 0.04, and 4.17 ± 0.14, respectively, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (F = 33.800, 106.500, P < 0.01). The relative expression levels of CD163 mRNA in the normal control group, the model group, and the pretreatment model group were 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.85 ± 0.01, and 0.65 ± 0.01, respectively, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (F = 23.360, 55.350, P < 0.01). The percentages of (F4/80(+)CD86(+)) and (F4/80(+)CD163(+)) in the normal control group and model group and pretreatment model group were 10.67% ± 0.91% and 12.60% ± 1.67%, 20.02% ± 1.29% and 8.04% ± 0.76%, and 43.67% ± 2.71% and 5.43% ± 0.47%, respectively, and the differences among the groups were statistically significant (F = 11.130/8.379, 39.250/13.190, P < 0.01). The liver injury scores of the normal control group, the model group, and the pretreatment model group were 0.22 ± 0.08, 1.32 ± 0.36, and 2.17 ± 0.26, respectively, and the differences among the groups were statistically significant (F = 12.520 and 22.190, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Ces1f may be a hepatic inflammatory inhibitory molecule, and its inhibitory effect production may come from the molecule's maintenance of KC polarization phenotypic homeostasis.
目的： 探讨靶向羧酸酯酶1f（Ces1f）基因敲减对脂多糖/D-半乳糖胺(LPS/D-GalN)诱导的急性肝衰竭小鼠枯否细胞（KC）极化活性的影响。 方法： 将携带靶向Ces1f干扰序列的小RNA（siRNA）与多肽转运载体（Endoporter）结合形成的复合物siRNA-EndoPorter包裹在β-1, 3-D葡聚糖壳中形成复合体颗粒(GeRPs)。将30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组（LPS/D-GalN）、预处理组(GeRPs)、预处理模型组（GeRPs+LPS/D-GalN）、空载体组（EndoPorter）。采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹（western blot）技术检测各组小鼠肝组织Ces1f mRNA及蛋白表达水平；采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测各组小鼠KC M1极化表型分化簇86（CD86）mRNA以及KC M2极化表型分化簇163（CD163）mRNA表达水平；采用免疫荧光双染技术检测KC中Ces1f蛋白以及M1/M2极化表型CD86/CD163蛋白表达情况；采用苏木精-伊红染色观察肝组织病理损伤情况。多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析，或方差不齐时采用独立样本非参数秩和检验。 结果： 正常对照组与模型组、预处理组和预处理模型组肝组织Ces1f mRNA/蛋白相对表达水平分别为：1.00±0.00、0.80±0.03/0.80±0.14、0.56±0.08/0.52±0.13、0.26±0.05/0.29±0.13，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为9.171/3.957、20.740/9.315、34.530/13.830，P值均< 0.01）。正常对照组与模型组、预处理组和预处理模型组KC Ces1f阳性细胞百分比分别为91.42%±3.79%、73.85%±7.03%、48.70%±5.30%、25.68%±4.55%，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为6.333、15.400、23.700，P值均< 0.01）。正常对照组与模型组、预处理模型组CD86 mRNA相对表达水平分别为1.00±0.00、2.01±0.04、4.17±0.14，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为33.800、106.500，P值均< 0.01）。正常对照组与模型组、预处理模型组CD163 mRNA相对表达水平分别为1.00±0.00、0.85±0.01、0.65±0.01，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为23.360、55.350，P值均< 0.01）。正常对照组与模型组、预处理模型组（F4/80(+)CD86(+)）百分比和（F4/80(+)CD163(+)）百分比分别为10.67%±0.91%和12.60%±1.67%、20.02%±1.29%和8.04%±0.76%、43.67%±2.71%和5.43%±0.47%，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为11.130/8.379、39.250/13.190，P值均< 0.01）。正常对照组与模型组、预处理模型组肝损伤评分分别为0.22±0.08、1.32±0.36、2.17±0.26，各组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为12.520、22.190，P值均< 0.01）。 结论： Ces1f可能是一个肝脏炎症抑制分子，其抑制效应的产生可能来自于该分子对KC极化表型稳态的维持。.
Keywords: Carboxylesterase 1f; In vivo gene knockdown; Kupffer cells’ polarization; Liver failure.