BALB/c-3T3 cell transformation test was used to detect cell carcinogenicity caused by dihydroxyglyoxime (DHG) and determine its carcinogenicity in vitro. Results showed that DHG could induce transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells and the transformed cells could agglutinate in the presence of Con A and grew in the soft agar. Transformed cells could induce the formation of fibrosarcoma if they were inoculated subcutaneously into the naked mice. It indicated sufficiently that the transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cell culture was malignant, and also predicted its potential carcinogenicity in human beings.