We compiled records on macacine herpesvirus 1 (McHV-1) seroprevalence and, during 2015-2016, collected saliva and fecal samples from the free-ranging rhesus macaques of Silver Springs State Park, a popular public park in central Florida, USA, to determine viral DNA shedding and perform sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the US5 and US5-US6 intragenic sequence from free-ranging and laboratory McHV-1 variants did not reveal genomic differences. In animals captured during 2000-2012, average annual seroprevalence was 25% ± 9 (mean ± SD). We found 4%-14% (95% CI 2%-29%) of macaques passively sampled during the fall 2015 mating season shed McHV-1 DNA orally. We did not observe viral shedding during the spring or summer or from fecal samples. We conclude that these macaques can shed McHV-1, putting humans at risk for exposure to this potentially fatal pathogen. Management plans should be put in place to limit transmission of McHV-1 from these macaques.
Keywords: Florida; Macaca mulatta; McHV-1; Silver Springs State Park; United States; antibody prevalence; free-ranging; herpes B; herpes B virus; invasive species; macacine herpesvirus 1; nonhuman primates; noninvasive sampling; rhesus macaques; saliva; shedding; virus shedding; viruses; zoonoses; zoonotic disease.