Ghrh growth hormone releasing hormone [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ghrhprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: growth hormone releasing hormoneprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:61883
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000007782 AllianceGenome:RGD:61883
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: GHRF
Summary: Enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity. Involved in several processes, including circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep; growth hormone secretion; and positive regulation of cell communication. Located in axon terminus; extracellular space; and perikaryon. Used to study myocardial infarction and prostatic hypertrophy. Biomarker of sleep disorder. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1; endometrial cancer; ovarian cancer; and renal cell carcinoma. Orthologous to human GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Testes (RPKM 1.8), Brain (RPKM 0.7) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q42

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	3	NC_086021.1 (166412763..166432519, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	3	NC_051338.1 (145992762..146012528, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	3	NC_005102.4 (153449124..153468794, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GHRH Neurons from the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Provide Dynamic and Sex-Specific Input to the Brain Glucose-Regulatory Network.
Title: GHRH Neurons from the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Provide Dynamic and Sex-Specific Input to the Brain Glucose-Regulatory Network.
GHRH agonistic analogs, JI-34 and MR-356 alleviated radiation-induced damage of cardiac myocytes.
Title: Protection of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes against radiation-induced damage with agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone.
findings support the hypothesis that antagonizing the signaling of GHRH in T1D may improve GLP-1 function in the small intestine, which, in turn, diminishes TRL and reduces renal and vascular complications
Title: Role of growth hormone-releasing hormone in dyslipidemia associated with experimental type 1 diabetes.
JI-38 had shown promising results in multiple fields including cardiology, diabetes and wound healing, our new, more potent, GHRH agonists should manifest additional efficacy for possible medical applications.
Title: Synthesis of new potent agonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and evaluation of their endocrine and cardiac activities.
GHRH protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury through receptor-mediated mechanisms, leading to activation of RISK and SAFE pathways, which converge on mitochondria and possibly on AMP-activated protein kinase.
Title: GH-releasing hormone induces cardioprotection in isolated male rat heart via activation of RISK and SAFE pathways.
We present evidence that growth retardation in upper airway obstruction is associated with a reduction in hypothalamic GHRH content.
Title: Role of growth hormone-releasing hormone in sleep and growth impairments induced by upper airway obstruction in rats.
Growth hormone expression rises in pituitary gland during normal pregnancy, while its receptor mRNA level in hypothalamus decreases.
Title: Importance of ghrelin in hypothalamus-pituitary axis on growth hormone release during normal pregnancy in the rat.
GABAergic neurons in the median preoptic nucleus and ventrolateral preoptic nucleus are potential targets of the sleep-regulatory actions of GHRH.
Title: Growth hormone-releasing hormone activates sleep regulatory neurons of the rat preoptic hypothalamus.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes survival of cardiac myocytes in vitro and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart.
Title: Growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes survival of cardiac myocytes in vitro and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart.
Postsynaptic localization of sst(1) receptors and synaptic connectivity may be an important mechanism by which sst(1) mediates SRIF's cyclical effects on ARC GHRH neurons to generate the ultradian rhythm of GH secretion.
Title: Subcellular dynamics of somatostatin receptor subtype 1 in the rat arcuate nucleus: receptor localization and synaptic connectivity vary in parallel with the ultradian rhythm of growth hormone secretion.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

General gene information

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Markers

D3Got116 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:114446

D3Got118 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:112184

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenohypophysis development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenohypophysis development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-6	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in growth hormone secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein localization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to dexamethasone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to leptin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon terminus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in perikaryon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in perikaryon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in terminal bouton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in terminal bouton	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: somatoliberin

Names: GRF; growth hormone-releasing factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.