SRA

Reconstitution of germ cell fate from pluripotent stem cells provide the opportunities to understand the molecular underpinning of germ cell development. Here, we established a several culture methods of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus, cj), which stably propagate in an undifferentiated state. Notably, iPSCs cultured on feeder layer in the presence of a WNT signaling inhibitor upregulate genes related to ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and acquire permissive state that readily differentiate into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) bearing immunophenotypic and transcriptomic similarities to pre-migratory cjPGCs. Induction of cjPGCLCs accompanies transient upregulation of mesodermal genes and culminate in establishing primate-specific transcriptional network similar to humans and cynomolgus monkeys. Moreover, cjPGCLCs can be expanded in monolayer while retaining cellular state. Upon co-culture with mouse testicular somatic cells, these cells acquire DDX4+ early prospermatogonia-like state. Our findings provide a framework for understanding and reconstituting germ cell development in marmoset in vitro, which serve as an comparative tool and foundation for a preclinical model for human in vitro gametogenesis. Overall design: Harvest marmoset iPSC and PGCLCs aggregates, and run single cell RNA-seq