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Excerpt
Fifty years have passed since publication of the landmark report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on smoking and health. This report highlights both the dramatic progress our nation has made reducing tobacco use and the continuing burden of disease and death caused by smoking.
Contents
- Message from Kathleen Sebelius
- Message from Howard Koh
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction, Summary, and Conclusions
- 2. Fifty Years of Change 1964–2014
- 3. Producing the Surgeon General's Report From 1964–2014: Process and Purpose
- Introduction
- Development of a Scientific Consensus
- Development of the Criteria for Causation Used in the 1964 Report
- Methods for Reviewing the Evidence and Developing Conclusions
- Process of Ensuring Consensus and Strength of the Peer Review
- Separation of Scientific Conclusions and the Formation of Policy
- References
- 4. Advances in Knowledge of the Health Consequences of Smoking: From 1964–2014
- 5. Nicotine
- 6. Cancer
- 7. Respiratory Diseases
- 8. Cardiovascular Diseases
- Introduction
- Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Diseases: Evolution of the Evidence
- Mechanisms by Which Smoking Causes Cardiovascular Diseases
- Updated Summaries of the Evidence: Active Smoking
- Updated Evidence Reviews
- Impact of Smokefree Laws on Acute Cardiovascular Events
- Evidence Summary
- Chapter Conclusions
- Implications
- References
- 9. Reproductive Outcomes
- 10. Other Specific Outcomes
- 11. General Morbidity and All-Cause Mortality
- 12. Smoking-Attributable Morbidity, Mortality, and Economic Costs
- Introduction
- Methodology Used by CDC to Compute Smoking-Attributable Mortality in the United States
- Methodologic Issues in SAM Calculation
- 2013 Update to SAMMEC Methodology
- Smoking-Attributable Mortality in Adults and Infants, United States, 2005–2009
- Projected Smoking-Related Deaths Among Youth, United States, 2012
- Smoking-Attributable Morbidity Estimates
- Total Smoking-Attributable Mortality, 1965–2014
- Summary
- Conclusions
- Implications
- References
- Chapter 12 Appendices
- 13. Patterns of Tobacco Use Among U.S. Youth, Young Adults, and Adults
- 14. Current Status of Tobacco Control
- 15. The Changing Landscape of Tobacco Control–Current Status and Future Directions
- 16. A Vision for Ending the Tobacco Epidemic: Toward a Society Free of Tobacco-caused Death and Disease
- Errata
- List of Abbreviations
- Definitions and Alternative Nomenclature of Genetic Symbols Used in This Report
- Supplemental Evidence Tables
Suggested citation:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014.