Ena/VASP family includes proteins such as: Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), enabled gene product from Drosophila (Ena), mammalian enabled (Mena) and Ena/VASP-Like protein (EVL) localize to focal adhesions and to sites of actin filament dynamics. These proteins share a common modular organization with a highly conserved N- and C-terminal domains, termed Ena/VASP homology domains 1 and 2 (EVH1 and EVH2), that are separated by a central proline-rich domain. The EVH1 domain binds to other proteins at proline rich sequences. The majority of Ena-VASP type EVH1 domains recognize FPPPP motifs such as in the focal adhesion proteins zyxin and vinculin, and the ActA surface protein of Listeria monocytogenes, however the LIM3 domain of Tes lacks the FPPPP motif but still binds the EVH1 domain of Mena. It has a PH-like fold, despite having minimal sequence similarity to PH or PTB domains. EVH2 mediates oligomerization within the family. The proline-rich region binds SH3 and WW domains as well as profilin, a protein that regulates actin filament dynamics. The EVH1 domains are part of the PH domain superamily. There are 5 EVH1 subfamilies: Enables/VASP, Homer/Vesl, WASP, Dcp1, and Spred. Ligands are known for three of the EVH1 subfamilies, all of which bind proline-rich sequences: the Enabled/VASP family binds to FPPPP peptides, the Homer/Vesl family binds PPxxF peptides, and the WASP family binds LPPPEP peptides. EVH1 has a PH-like fold, despite having minimal sequence similarity to PH or PTB domains.
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",