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Targeting sialic acids
|
| zanamivir (Relenza) | Biota/GlaxoSmithKline | influenza type A and B | inhibits neuraminidase |
| oseltamivir (GS 4104, Tamiflu) | Gilead/Roche | chemoprophylaxis | inhibits neuraminidase |
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Targeting glycosaminoglycans
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| heparin | multiple brands | anticoagulant; possible value in cancer metastasis prevention | activates antithrombin; inhibits heparanase and selectins and blocks interactions between growth factors and heparan sulfate |
| hyaluronan (HA) | multiple brands | ocular surgery; osteoarthritis; plastic surgery | tissue space filler; anti-inflammatory agent |
| laronidase (Aldurazyme) | Genzyme | mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI); α-idu-ronidase deficiency | ERT |
| galsulfase (Naglazyme) | Biomarin | mucopolysaccharidosis type VI; arylsulfatase B deficiency | ERT |
| hyaluronidase (Cumulase) | Halozyme | in vitro fertilization; in development as an adjuvant for cancer chemotherapy | degrades HA around oocytes improving fertilization; degrades HA in tumors to decrease intratumor pressure |
| ALZ-801 | phase III trials (Alzheon, Inc.) | amyloid diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and possibly other amyloidoses | binds to amyloid plaque, blocks its formation |
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Targeting glycosphingolipids
|
| N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) (Miglustat, Zavesca) | Acetelion | type 1 Gaucher's disease; Niemann–Pick's disease type C; late-onset Tay–Sach's disease; type 3 Gaucher's disease | substrate reduction therapy; inhibits glucosylceramide synthase |
| imiglucerase (Cerezyme) | Genzyme | type 1 Gaucher's disease | ERT |
| β-agalsidase (Fabrazyme) | Genzyme | Fabry disease; α-galactosidase A deficiency | ERT |
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Others
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| acarbose (Glucobay) | Bayer | type 2 diabetes | blocks intestinal α-glucosidases involved in digestion of dietary glycans |
| alglucosidase alfa (Myozyme) | Genzyme | Pompe's disease (glycogen storage disease); α-glucosidase A deficiency | ERT |
| allosamidin | Industrial Research | insecticide | chitinase inhibitor |
