Pikfyve phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Pikfyveprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containingprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:1592067
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000015158 AllianceGenome:RGD:1592067
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Pip5k3
Summary: Predicted to enable phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II; phosphatidylinositol metabolic process; and vesicle organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within myelin assembly. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; membrane raft; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Fleck corneal dystrophy. Orthologous to human PIKFYVE (phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 173.2), Spleen (RPKM 145.9) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q32

Exon count:: 45

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	9	NC_086027.1 (74057488..74151610)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	9	NC_051344.1 (66563747..66657873)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	9	NC_005108.4 (71911744..72005816)

Chromosome 9 - NC_086027.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PIKfyve mediates vesicle motility through the regulation of vesicle integrity in neurons.
Title: PIKfyve mediates the motility of late endosomes and lysosomes in neuronal dendrites.
The stimulating effect of PIKfyve was abrogated by replacement of the serine with alanine in the SGK consensus sequence ((S318A)PIKfyve)
Title: Regulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT4 by PIKfyve.
PIKfyve-dependent channel degradation is essential to prevent Ca2+-induced toxicity in neurons.
Title: PIKfyve regulates CaV1.2 degradation and prevents excitotoxic cell death.
Protein kinase B phosphorylation of PIKfyve regulates the trafficking of GLUT4 vesicles
Title: Protein kinase B phosphorylation of PIKfyve regulates the trafficking of GLUT4 vesicles.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

D9Rat176 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:228353

RH130569 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:213853

AI179196 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:261009

RH143099 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:232346

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables zinc ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in melanosome organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in melanosome organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myelin assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in neutrophil degranulation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phagosome maturation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phagosome-lysosome fusion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phagosome-lysosome fusion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein localization to nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein targeting to membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in receptor-mediated endocytosis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of autophagosome assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell-cell junction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in early endosome membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endosome membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT located_in insulin-responsive compartment	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane raft	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in phagocytic vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in vesicle membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase

Names: 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase; phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase type III; phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, type III; phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing

NP_001414206.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245133.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245134.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245135.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245136.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245138.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245139.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_006245141.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_038940523.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_038940524.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_038940525.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123289.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123290.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123291.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123292.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123293.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123294.1

EC 2.7.1.68

XP_063123295.1

EC 2.7.1.68

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001427277.1 → NP_001414206.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000009

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086027.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

74057488..74151610

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006245076.5 → XP_006245138.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245138.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06, D3ZYT8

Related

ENSRNOP00000078503.1

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd03334
Location:629 → 889

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:369 → 450

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:166 → 227

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cd17300
Location:1829 → 2095

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins
XM_063267219.1 → XP_063123289.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X5
XM_063267220.1 → XP_063123290.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X7
XM_063267222.1 → XP_063123292.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X10
XM_006245077.5 → XP_006245139.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245139.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06, D3ZYT8

Related

ENSRNOP00000020447.6

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd03334
Location:629 → 889

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:369 → 450

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:166 → 227

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cd17300
Location:1829 → 2095

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins
XM_006245074.5 → XP_006245136.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245136.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06, D3ZYT8

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd03334
Location:629 → 889

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:369 → 450

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:166 → 227

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cd17300
Location:1829 → 2095

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins
XM_039084595.2 → XP_038940523.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06, D3ZYT8

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd03334
Location:629 → 889

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:369 → 450

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:166 → 227

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cd17300
Location:1829 → 2095

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins
XM_006245071.3 → XP_006245133.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245133.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5YBG1, A0A8I5ZL06

Related

ENSRNOP00000076715.1

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd00139
Location:1803 → 2116

PIPKc; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate on the fourth or fifth hydroxyl of the inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. CD alignment includes type II ...

cd03334
Location:649 → 909

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:389 → 470

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:186 → 247

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cl12013
Location:1430 → 1477

BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature
XM_039084596.2 → XP_038940524.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd03334
Location:649 → 909

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:389 → 470

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:186 → 247

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cd17300
Location:1821 → 2087

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins
XM_006245072.3 → XP_006245134.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245134.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd00139
Location:1802 → 2115

PIPKc; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate on the fourth or fifth hydroxyl of the inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. CD alignment includes type II ...

cd03334
Location:648 → 908

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:388 → 469

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:185 → 246

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cl12013
Location:1429 → 1476

BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature
XM_006245079.3 → XP_006245141.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X8

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245141.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IPK0

Related

ENSRNOP00000088892.1

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd00139
Location:1746 → 2059

PIPKc; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate on the fourth or fifth hydroxyl of the inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. CD alignment includes type II ...

cd03334
Location:592 → 852

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:388 → 469

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:185 → 246

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cl12013
Location:1373 → 1420

BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature
XM_006245073.3 → XP_006245135.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245135.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZL06

Conserved Domains (5) summary

cd00139
Location:1791 → 2104

PIPKc; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate on the fourth or fifth hydroxyl of the inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. CD alignment includes type II ...

cd03334
Location:637 → 897

Fab1_TCP; TCP-1 like domain of the eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) 5-kinase Fab1. Fab1p is important for vacuole size regulation, presumably by modulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 effector activity. In the human homolog p235/PIKfyve deletion of this ...

cd04448
Location:377 → 458

DEP_PIKfyve; DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain found in fungal RhoGEF (GDP/GTP exchange factor) PIKfyve-like proteins. PIKfyve contains N-terminal Fyve finger and DEP domains, a central chaperonin-like domain and a C-terminal PIPK (phosphatidylinositol ...

cd15725
Location:174 → 235

FYVE_PIKfyve_Fab1; FYVE domain found in metazoan PIKfyve, fungal and plant Fab1, and similar proteins

cl12013
Location:1418 → 1465

BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature
XM_063267221.1 → XP_063123291.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X9

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I6AAS9
XM_063267223.1 → XP_063123293.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X11
XM_063267224.1 → XP_063123294.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X13
XM_063267225.1 → XP_063123295.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X14
XM_039084597.2 → XP_038940525.1 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X12

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd17300
Location:1032 → 1298

PIPKc_PIKfyve; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalytic domain found in 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase and similar proteins

cl02777
Location:1 → 92

chaperonin_like; chaperonin_like superfamily. Chaperonins are involved in productive folding of proteins. They share a common general morphology, a double toroid of 2 stacked rings, each composed of 7-9 subunits. There are 2 main chaperonin groups. The symmetry of type I ...