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RHNO1 RAD9-HUS1-RAD1 interacting nuclear orphan 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 83695, updated on 16-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
RHNO1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
RAD9-HUS1-RAD1 interacting nuclear orphan 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:28206
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000171792 MIM:614085; AllianceGenome:HGNC:28206
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
RHINO; C12orf32; HKMT1188
Summary
Involved in cellular response to radiation; recombinational repair; and regulation of cell cycle process. Located in chromosome and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 7.6), lymph node (RPKM 7.3) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
12p13.33
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (2876265..2889524)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (2882276..2895466)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (2985431..2998690)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8339 Neighboring gene integrin alpha FG-GAP repeat containing 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2943338-2943882 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2943883-2944427 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2944428-2944971 Neighboring gene nuclear receptor interacting protein 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2953993-2954980 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2954981-2955966 Neighboring gene testis expressed 52 Neighboring gene forkhead box M1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4134 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4135 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:2988229-2989182 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902860 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5816 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4136 Neighboring gene TUB like protein 3 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7040 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:3032139-3032645 Neighboring gene U7 small nuclear RNA Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1315, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Evaluation of the RHINO gene for breast cancer predisposition in Finnish breast cancer families. Heikkinen T, et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2014 Apr. PMID 24562772
  2. The role of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD154) interactions in immunoglobulin light chain repertoire generation and somatic mutation. Monson NL, et al. Clin Immunol, 2001 Jul. PMID 11414747
  3. Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer. Barger CJ, et al. Elife, 2021 Apr 23. PMID 33890574, Free PMC Article
  4. Involvement of C12orf32 overexpression in breast carcinogenesis. Kim JW, et al. Int J Oncol, 2010 Oct. PMID 20811708
  5. RHINO forms a stoichiometric complex with the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp and mediates ATR-Chk1 signaling. Lindsey-Boltz LA, et al. Cell Cycle, 2015. PMID 25602520, Free PMC Article

See all (25) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Structural basis for intra- and intermolecular interactions on RAD9 subunit of 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp implies functional 9-1-1 regulation by RHINO.
    Title: Structural basis for intra- and intermolecular interactions on RAD9 subunit of 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp implies functional 9-1-1 regulation by RHINO.
  2. RHNO1 disruption inhibits cell proliferation and induces mitochondrial apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Title: RHNO1 disruption inhibits cell proliferation and induces mitochondrial apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  3. RHINO directs MMEJ to repair DNA breaks in mitosis.
    Title: RHINO directs MMEJ to repair DNA breaks in mitosis.
  4. Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer.
    Title: Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer.
  5. Knockdown of RHINO in human cells partially abrogated ATR-Chk1 kinase signaling following UV irradiation but did not impact the loading of Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex on chromatin or the association of Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex with TopBP1.
    Title: RHINO forms a stoichiometric complex with the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp and mediates ATR-Chk1 signaling.
  6. Germline variation in the RHINO gene is unlikely to influence inherited susceptibility to breast cancer.
    Title: Evaluation of the RHINO gene for breast cancer predisposition in Finnish breast cancer families.
  7. We suggest that RHINO functions together with the 9-1-1 complex and TopBP1 to fully activate ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related.
    Title: A DNA damage response screen identifies RHINO, a 9-1-1 and TopBP1 interacting protein required for ATR signaling.
  8. Identified C12orf32 to be significantly up-regulated in the great majority of clinical breast cancer specimens.
    Title: Involvement of C12orf32 overexpression in breast carcinogenesis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Potential readthrough

Included gene: TULP3

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ60873, MGC13204

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables chromatin-protein adaptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to UV IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein localization to site of double-strand break IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in recombinational repair IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in recombinational repair IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of chromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in chromosome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in chromosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in site of double-strand break IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1
Names
Rad9, Rad1, Hus1 interacting nuclear orphan
rAD9, RAD1, HUS1-interacting nuclear orphan protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001252499.3 → NP_001239428.1  RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001239428.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1). Variants 1, 4 and 5 all encode isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB073599, AI631627
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8518.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7Z989, Q9BSD3
    Related
    ENSP00000438590.1, ENST00000489288.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15319
    Location:1 → 236
    RHINO; RAD9, RAD1, HUS1-interacting nuclear orphan protein

  2. NM_001252500.3 → NP_001239429.1  RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001239429.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter isoform (2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB073599, AI631627, AK304613
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58199.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BSD3
    Related
    ENSP00000438828.1, ENST00000461997.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15319
    Location:1 → 222
    RHINO; RAD9, RAD1, HUS1-interacting nuclear orphan protein

  3. NM_001257097.2 → NP_001244026.1  RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244026.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 4 and 5 all encode isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB073599, AI631627, DA749974
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8518.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7Z989, Q9BSD3
    Related
    ENSP00000479598.1, ENST00000618250.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15319
    Location:1 → 236
    RHINO; RAD9, RAD1, HUS1-interacting nuclear orphan protein

  4. NM_001257098.2 → NP_001244027.1  RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244027.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 4 and 5 all encode isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB073599, AI631627, DA679606
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8518.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7Z989, Q9BSD3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15319
    Location:1 → 236
    RHINO; RAD9, RAD1, HUS1-interacting nuclear orphan protein

RNA

  1. NR_027365.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because it lacks a significant portion of the coding region, including the translational start codon, as found in variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI631627, AK021945
    Related
    ENST00000464682.2

  2. NR_046432.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) includes an additional internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because use of the expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB073599, AC005911, AI631627, DA378594

  3. NR_046433.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) uses an alternate 5' exon and lacks an internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because it lacks a significant portion of the coding region, including the translational start codon, as found in variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI631627, AK021945, BM847461

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    2876265..2889524
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    2882276..2895466
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9BSD3.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9BSD3

Gene LinkOut

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