DKK2 dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: DKK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:2892
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000155011 MIM:605415; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2892
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: DKK-2
Summary: This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. It can act as either an agonist or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, depending on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2. Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 (LRP6). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in lung (RPKM 4.8), ovary (RPKM 3.0) and 14 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q25

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (106921802..107036313, complement)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (110226876..110341391, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (107842959..107957470, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Correlates With Dkk2 Expression and Has Prognostic Impact in Ovarian Cancer Patients.
Title: G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Correlates With Dkk2 Expression and Has Prognostic Impact in Ovarian Cancer Patients.
miR4833p promotes the osteogenesis of human osteoblasts by targeting Dikkopf 2 (DKK2) and the Wnt signaling pathway.
Title: miR‑483‑3p promotes the osteogenesis of human osteoblasts by targeting Dikkopf 2 (DKK2) and the Wnt signaling pathway.
Dickkopf 2-Expressing Adenovirus Increases the Survival of Random-Pattern Flaps and Promotes Vasculogenesis in a Rat Model.
Title: Dickkopf 2-Expressing Adenovirus Increases the Survival of Random-Pattern Flaps and Promotes Vasculogenesis in a Rat Model.
RNAM EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DKK2 GENE IN COLORECTAL CANCER.
Title: RNAM EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DKK2 GENE IN COLORECTAL CÂNCER.
AWPPH inhibits GC cell proliferation and invasion via miR-203a/DKK2 axis.
Title: Up-regulation of long non-coding RNA AWPPH inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via miR-203a/DKK2 axis.
We then confirmed these results and demonstrated that a higher expression of DKK2 imparts the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells. Our work suggested that DKK2 imparts tumor immune evasion and is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Title: DKK2 Impairs Tumor Immunity Infiltration and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Here, the authors found that Dickkopf associated protein 2 (DKK2), a secretory protein highly expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues, could stimulate angiogenesis via a classic VEGF/VEGFR independent pathway.
Title: Tumor-secreted dickkopf2 accelerates aerobic glycolysis and promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
the critical role of MEG3-miR-4261-DKK2-Wnt/beta-catenin signalling axis in ESCC
Title: Downregulated MEG3 contributes to tumour progression and poor prognosis in oesophagal squamous cell carcinoma by interacting with miR-4261, downregulating DKK2 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Study confirmed the low DKK1 expression in patients with grade 1 breast cancer and a high DKK1 expression in ER-negative breast cancer. DKK2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the Normal-like subtype of breast cancer.
Title: Prognostic value of DKK2 from the Dickkopf family in human breast cancer.
Both DKK2 and sFRP4 polymorphisms are found to play a crucial role; especially for smokers towards modulating risk for lung cancer.
Title: High-order gene interactions between the genetic polymorphisms in Wnt and AhR pathway in modulating lung cancer susceptibility.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome wide association and linkage analyses identified three loci-4q25, 17q23.2, and 10q11.21-associated with variation in leukocyte telomere length: the Long Life Family Study. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-50934 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:74251

Dkk2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:471822

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481814

SHGC-18773 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:77086

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482334

SHGC-23149 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62251

D4S3256 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:72765

Dkk2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:472902

SHGC-18797 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20313

SHGC-50938 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20314

SHGC-18769 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:6315

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:486083

SHGC-81733 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:103905

RH93230 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:92143

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables co-receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables receptor antagonist activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Wnt signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: dickkopf-related protein 2

Names: dickkopf 2 homolog; dickkopf homolog 2; dickkopf-2; hDkk-2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.