PDYN prodynorphin [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PDYNprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: prodynorphinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:8820
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000101327 MIM:131340; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8820
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ADCA; PENKB; SCA23
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form the secreted opioid peptides beta-neoendorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, rimorphin, and leumorphin. These peptides are ligands for the kappa-type of opioid receptor. Dynorphin is involved in modulating responses to several psychoactive substances, including cocaine. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
Expression: Restricted expression toward brain (RPKM 14.6) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 20p13

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	20	NC_000020.11 (1978756..1994285, complement)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	20	NC_060944.1 (2008889..2024418, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	20	NC_000020.10 (1959402..1974931, complement)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms.
Title: Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms.
Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with methamphetamine use disorder, changes in PDYN serum levels in withdrawal and the relationship between PDYN, temperament and depression.
Title: Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with methamphetamine use disorder, changes in PDYN serum levels in withdrawal and the relationship between PDYN, temperament and depression.
Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.
Title: Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.
In this meta-analysis, a significant association was found between rs1022563 prodynorphin gene polymorphism and opioid dependence among Asian populations.
Title: Association between prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and opioid dependence susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
the functional PDYN 68-bp repeat genotype is associated with the age of first use of heroin in Caucasians diagnosed with opioid dependence
Title: Association of variants of prodynorphin promoter 68-bp repeats in caucasians with opioid dependence diagnosis: Effect on age trajectory of heroin use.
Our findings demonstrate that PDYN expression in neurons of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with differential methylation of its promoter.
Title: Neuronal Expression of Opioid Gene is Controlled by Dual Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanism in Human Brain.
PDYN and OPRK1 showed transcriptionally coordinated pattern that was significantly different between alcoholics and controls.
Title: Dynorphin and κ-Opioid Receptor Dysregulation in the Dopaminergic Reward System of Human Alcoholics.
Absolute expression levels of PDYN were lower compared to those of OPRK1, suggesting that PDYN expression is a limiting factor in the DYN/KOR signaling, and that the PDYN downregulation diminishes efficacy of DYN/KOR signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
Title: Downregulation of the neuronal opioid gene expression concomitantly with neuronal decline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
Study investigated transcriptional regulation of Bipolar Disorder (BD) selected target genes by DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with BD type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II). The analysis of gene expression revealed prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA levels significantly reduced in subjects with BD-II but not in those with BD-I.
Title: Regulation of gene transcription in bipolar disorders: Role of DNA methylation in the relationship between prodynorphin and brain derived neurotrophic factor.
Genetic and epigenetic factors within PDYN are related to risk for alcoholism.
Title: Genetic variation and epigenetic modification of the prodynorphin gene in peripheral blood cells in alcoholism.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (72)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 MedGen: C1853250 OMIM: 610245 GeneReviews: Hereditary Ataxia Overview	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of antibody response to smallpox vaccine. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide joint SNP and CNV analysis of aortic root diameter in African Americans: the HyperGEN study. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide SNP associations with rubella-specific cytokine responses in measles-mumps-rubella vaccine recipients. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

STS-K02268 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:55826

D20S1072 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:14619

CHLC.GAAT4E12 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:35616

PDYN_1717 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:462400

G10505 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:26177

SHGC-30305 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:77481

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables opioid peptide activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables opioid receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in sensory perception	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in axon terminus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in dendrite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in neuronal cell body	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: proenkephalin-B

Names: beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin; leu-enkephalin; leumorphin; neoendorphin-dynorphin-enkephalin prepropeptide; preprodynorphin; preproenkephalin B; rimorphin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_028027.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5188..20487

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_667

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001190892.1 → NP_001177821.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177821.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has an alternate 5' UTR sequence and encodes the same protein, as compared to variant 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK289618, AL034562, BC026334

Consensus CDS

CCDS13023.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_001190898.3 → NP_001177827.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177827.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate splice site in the 5' UTR, which results in three nt less than variant 1. Variants 1-5 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AL034562, BC026334, DA297229

Consensus CDS

CCDS13023.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_001190899.2 → NP_001177828.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177828.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an exon in the 5' UTR and encodes the same protein, as compared to variant 1.

Source sequence(s)

AL034562, BC026334, DA157767, DA178888, DA302375

Consensus CDS

CCDS13023.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Related

ENSP00000440185.1, ENST00000539905.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_001190900.1 → NP_001177829.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001177829.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has an alternate 5' UTR exon, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1-5 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AL034562, BC026334, DA305883

Consensus CDS

CCDS13023.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Related

ENSP00000442259.1, ENST00000540134.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_024411.5 → NP_077722.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_077722.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) and variants 2-5 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AL034562, BC026334, DA178888

Consensus CDS

CCDS13023.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Related

ENSP00000217305.2, ENST00000217305.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

1978756..1994285 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011529249.3 → XP_011527551.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527551.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529247.1 → XP_011527549.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527549.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_017027878.1 → XP_016883367.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529248.2 → XP_011527550.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527550.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529246.3 → XP_011527548.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527548.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529244.2 → XP_011527546.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527546.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529245.1 → XP_011527547.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527547.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
XM_011529250.3 → XP_011527552.1 proenkephalin-B isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527552.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K0Q3, P01213

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2YEL0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:21 → 67

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide