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    MED21 mediator complex subunit 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 9412, updated on 5-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    MED21provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    mediator complex subunit 21provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11473
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000152944 MIM:603800; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11473
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    SRB7; SURB7; hSrb7
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the mediator complex subunit 21 family. The encoded protein interacts with the human RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerase II transcribed genes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 13.1), testis (RPKM 11.0) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    12p11.23
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (27022558..27038951)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (26894578..26902698)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (27175491..27183606)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:27091219-27091728 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:27091729-27092237 Neighboring gene FGFR1 oncogene partner 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4307 Neighboring gene transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4308 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6131 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1625 silencer Neighboring gene nontranscribed chromatin-defined enhancer upstream of C12orf71 Neighboring gene chromosome 12 open reading frame 71 Neighboring gene liprin-beta-1-like Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_27027 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6132 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6133

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Malleable machines in transcription regulation: the mediator complex. Tóth-Petróczy A, et al. PLoS Comput Biol, 2008 Dec. PMID 19096501, Free PMC Article
    2. A human RNA polymerase II complex associated with SRB and DNA-repair proteins. Maldonado E, et al. Nature, 1996 May 2. PMID 8609996
    3. A mammalian SRB protein associated with an RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Chao DM, et al. Nature, 1996 Mar 7. PMID 8598913
    4. Genomics of the human genes encoding four TAFII subunits of TFIID, the three subunits of TFIIA, as well as CDK8 and SURB7. Di Pietro C, et al. Somat Cell Mol Genet, 1999 May. PMID 11441538
    5. The transcriptional coactivator DRIP/mediator complex is involved in vitamin D receptor function and regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Oda Y, et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2010 Oct. PMID 20520624, Free PMC Article

    See all (69) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Co-expressed yeast MED21 and MED7 in E. coli to determine structure.
      Title: A conserved mediator hinge revealed in the structure of the MED7.MED21 (Med7.Srb7) heterodimer.
    2. Blocking MED1/MED21 expression caused hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
      Title: The transcriptional coactivator DRIP/mediator complex is involved in vitamin D receptor function and regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of mediator complex subunit 21 (MED21) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa-derived TZM-bl cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat interacts with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, which includes SRB7, during Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription coactivator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription coregulator activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in blastocyst development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein ubiquitination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in somatic stem cell population maintenance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of core mediator complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of mediator complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of mediator complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of ubiquitin ligase complex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21
    Names
    RNA polymerase II holoenzyme component SRB7
    RNAPII complex component SRB7
    SRB7 suppressor of RNA polymerase B homolog

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001271811.2 → NP_001258740.1  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092747
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0S2Z545
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam11221
      Location:1 → 56
      Med21; Subunit 21 of Mediator complex

    2. NM_004264.5 → NP_004255.2  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004255.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092747
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8711.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4I3, Q13503, Q6IB05, Q92811
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024RAW0, F5H872
      Related
      ENSP00000282892.3, ENST00000282892.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam11221
      Location:1 → 127
      Med21; Subunit 21 of Mediator complex

    RNA

    1. NR_073463.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092747

    2. NR_073464.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092747

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      27022558..27038951
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047429907.1 → XP_047285863.1  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4I3, Q13503, Q6IB05, Q92811
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024RAW0

    2. XM_047429905.1 → XP_047285861.1  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4I3, Q13503, Q6IB05, Q92811
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024RAW0

    3. XM_047429904.1 → XP_047285860.1  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4I3, Q13503, Q6IB05, Q92811
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024RAW0

    4. XM_047429906.1 → XP_047285862.1  mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4I3, Q13503, Q6IB05, Q92811
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024RAW0

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      26894578..26902698
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q13503.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13503

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