A slower than normal heart rate (in adults, slower than 60 beats per minute).

Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.

A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.

A functional abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.

Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.

Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.

Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.

A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.

A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.

Status epilepticus with focal motor signs originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. Involves musculature in any form. The motor event could consist of an increase (positive) or decrease (negative) in muscle contraction to produce a movement.

The burst suppression pattern in electroencephalography refers to a characteristic periodic pattern of low voltage (<10 microvolts) suppressed background and a relatively shorter pattern of higher amplitude slow, sharp, and spiking complexes.

Seizures that start from several different areas of the brain (i.e., with multiple ictal onset locations).

Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.

A generalized myoclonic seizure is a type of generalized motor seizure characterized by bilateral, sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.

An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).

A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. A contracture prevents movement of the associated body part.

Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.

Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.

A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.

Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms.

Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.

An abnormally reduced activity of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase in muscle tissue.

Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.

Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event.

Reduced body temperature due to failed thermoregulation.

Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.

A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.