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    ATRN attractin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8455, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ATRNprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    attractinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:885
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000088812 MIM:603130; AllianceGenome:HGNC:885
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MGCA; DPPT-L
    Summary
    This gene encodes both membrane-bound and secreted protein isoforms. A membrane-bound isoform exhibits sequence similarity with the mouse mahogany protein, a receptor involved in controlling obesity. A secreted isoform is involved in the initial immune cell clustering during inflammatory responses that may regulate the chemotactic activity of chemokines. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in duodenum (RPKM 20.8), thyroid (RPKM 17.2) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    20p13
    Exon count:
    31
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (3471018..3651118)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (3501888..3682059)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (3451665..3631765)

    Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene dynein axonemal assembly factor 9 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12618 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12619 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12620 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17478 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3389216-3389717 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372508 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372509 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17479 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17480 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12621 Neighboring gene splicing factor 3a, subunit 3 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr20:3601641-3601840 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17481 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12622 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12623 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3647557-3648086 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3651223-3651828 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3657784-3658386 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3658990-3659591 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3662082-3662975 Neighboring gene GDNF family receptor alpha 4 Neighboring gene ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy associated with a deleterious mutation in the ATRN gene. Shahrour MA, et al. Neurogenetics, 2017 Jul. PMID 28493104
    2. Attractin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26-like enzyme, is expressed on human peripheral blood monocytes and potentially influences monocyte function. Wrenger S, et al. J Leukoc Biol, 2006 Sep. PMID 16835316
    3. Isolation and characterization of attractin-2. Friedrich D, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2003. PMID 12675230
    4. Secreted and membrane attractin result from alternative splicing of the human ATRN gene. Tang W, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 May 23. PMID 10811918, Free PMC Article
    5. Attractin (DPPT-L), a member of the CUB family of cell adhesion and guidance proteins, is secreted by activated human T lymphocytes and modulates immune cell interactions. Duke-Cohan JS, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998 Sep 15. PMID 9736737, Free PMC Article

    See all (46) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. ATRN encodes Attractin, which was previously shown to play a critical role in central myelination
      Title: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy associated with a deleterious mutation in the ATRN gene.
    2. Data indicate that Attractin was involved in male reproduction in both human and BALB/c mice, but it exerted a different expression profile in different species.
      Title: Expression of Attractin in male reproductive tract of human and mice and its correlation with male reproduction.
    3. The levels of both dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and attractin in circulating monocytes were significantly higher in obese subjects as compared with levels in lean controls or in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
      Title: Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and attractin expression is increased in circulating blood monocytes of obese human subjects.
    4. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
    5. associated with spermatozoa
      Title: Novel partners of SPAG11B isoform D in the human male reproductive tract.
    6. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Genetic variants in pigmentation genes, pigmentary phenotypes, and risk of skin cancer in Caucasians.
    7. It is the first time expression of attractin on monocytes and provide first data suggesting that drugs directed to DP IV-like enzyme activity could affect monocyte function via attractin inhibition.
      Title: Attractin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26-like enzyme, is expressed on human peripheral blood monocytes and potentially influences monocyte function.
    8. This protein is isolated from human blood and characterized.
      Title: Isolation and characterization of attractin-2.
    9. The product of the murine "Mahogany" locus, controlling agouti-mediated melanocyte pigmentation and control of energy metabolism, is the murine ortholog of human attractin.
      Title: The mouse mahogany locus encodes a transmembrane form of human attractin.
    10. Through use of PCR from hamster-human somatic cell hybrids, localizes the EST AB011120 (KIAA0548) to human chromosome 20p13. AB011120 encodes the central to 3' UTR of the membrane form of human attractin.
      Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0548, MGC126754

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables carbohydrate binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables signaling receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cerebellum development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in myelination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in pigmentation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of multicellular organism growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in Golgi apparatus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    attractin
    Names
    attractin-2
    mahogany homolog
    mahogany protein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029406.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..185101
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001207047.3 → NP_001193976.1  attractin isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of the first exon and differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) has distinct N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1. Unlike isoform 1, which is membrane-bound, isoform 4 is secreted.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK293010, AK302730, AL132773, BC101705, DA368237
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DZ36
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd03597
      Location:672 → 804
      CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
      cd00041
      Location:23 → 131
      CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
      cd00055
      Location:946 → 991
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      sd00038
      Location:385 → 434
      Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
      pfam01437
      Location:816 → 867
      PSI; Plexin repeat
      pfam13415
      Location:234 → 284
      Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
      pfam13854
      Location:274 → 312
      Kelch_5; Kelch motif

    2. NM_001323332.2 → NP_001310261.1  attractin isoform 5 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK293010, AL132773
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DZ36
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd03597
      Location:788 → 920
      CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
      cd00041
      Location:132 → 247
      CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
      cd00055
      Location:1062 → 1107
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      sd00038
      Location:501 → 550
      Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
      pfam01437
      Location:932 → 983
      PSI; Plexin repeat
      pfam13415
      Location:350 → 400
      Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
      pfam13854
      Location:392 → 428
      Kelch_5; Kelch motif

    3. NM_139321.3 → NP_647537.1  attractin isoform 1 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_647537.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest protein (isoform 1), which is contained in the membrane.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB011120, AL132773, BC101705, BE326239, DB240822, EC440053
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS13053.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8KAE5, O60295, O75882, O95414, Q3MIT3, Q5TDA2, Q5TDA4, Q5VYW3, Q9NTQ3, Q9NTQ4, Q9NU01, Q9NZ57, Q9NZ58, Q9UC75, Q9UDF5
      Related
      ENSP00000262919.5, ENST00000262919.10
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd03597
      Location:788 → 920
      CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
      cd00041
      Location:132 → 247
      CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
      cd00055
      Location:1062 → 1107
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      sd00038
      Location:501 → 550
      Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
      pfam01437
      Location:932 → 983
      PSI; Plexin repeat
      pfam13415
      Location:350 → 400
      Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
      pfam13854
      Location:390 → 428
      Kelch_5; Kelch motif

    4. NM_139322.4 → NP_647538.1  attractin isoform 2 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_647538.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (2) with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1. Unlike isoform 1, which is membrane-bound, isoform 2 is secreted.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK293010, AK302730, AL132773, BC101705, EC440053
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS13054.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DZ36
      Related
      ENSP00000416587.2, ENST00000446916.2
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd03597
      Location:788 → 920
      CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
      cd00041
      Location:132 → 247
      CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
      cd00055
      Location:1062 → 1107
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      sd00038
      Location:501 → 550
      Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
      pfam01437
      Location:932 → 983
      PSI; Plexin repeat
      pfam13415
      Location:350 → 400
      Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
      pfam13854
      Location:392 → 428
      Kelch_5; Kelch motif

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      3471018..3651118
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      3501888..3682059
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_012070.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_012070.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it was based on a sequence representing a cloning artifact.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O75882.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O75882

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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