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    TXNIP thioredoxin interacting protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 10628, updated on 6-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TXNIPprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    thioredoxin interacting proteinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:16952
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000265972 MIM:606599; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16952
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    THIF; VDUP1; ARRDC6; HHCPA78; EST01027
    Summary
    This gene encodes a thioredoxin-binding protein that is a member of the alpha arrestin protein family. Thioredoxin is a thiol-oxidoreductase that is a major regulator of cellular redox signaling which protects cells from oxidative stress. This protein inhibits the antioxidative function of thioredoxin resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cellular stress. This protein also functions as a regulator of cellular metabolism and of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 1044.5), spleen (RPKM 514.7) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See TXNIP in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1q21.1
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (145992435..145996579, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (145109270..145113414, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (145438490..145442635)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene conserved acetylation island sequence C12 enhancer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145473321-145474156 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat domain 34A Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4010 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1621 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase III subunit GL Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145458517-145459016 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1622 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145455010-145456209 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1626 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1627 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1628 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:145432616-145432823 Neighboring gene hemojuvelin BMP co-receptor Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1271 Neighboring gene tRNA-Glu (anticodon CTC) 1-1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The Role of Txnip in Mediating Low-Magnesium-Driven Endothelial Dysfunction. Locatelli L, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 May 6. PMID 37176057, Free PMC Article
    2. High TXNIP expression accelerates the migration and invasion of the GDM placenta trophoblast. Sa R, et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 Apr 10. PMID 37038114, Free PMC Article
    3. TXNIP DNA methylation is associated with glycemic control over 28 years in type 1 diabetes: findings from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study. Miller RG, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2023 Jan. PMID 36604111, Free PMC Article
    4. Thioredoxin-interacting protein is essential for memory T cell formation via the regulation of the redox metabolism. Kokubo K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2023 Jan 10. PMID 36595680, Free PMC Article
    5. TXNIP Promotes Human NK Cell Development but Is Dispensable for NK Cell Functionality. Persyn E, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Sep 26. PMID 36232644, Free PMC Article

    See all (274) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TXNIP deficiency attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating mTORC1/TFEB-mediated autophagy in diabetic kidney disease.
      Title: TXNIP deficiency attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating mTORC1/TFEB-mediated autophagy in diabetic kidney disease.
    2. Knockdown of TXNIP alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating autophagy to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-treated trophoblasts.
      Title: Knockdown of TXNIP alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating autophagy to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-treated trophoblasts.
    3. Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation.
      Title: Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation.
    4. Linc00657 promoted pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages and exacerbated atherosclerosis via the miR-106b-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
      Title: Linc00657 promoted pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages and exacerbated atherosclerosis via the miR-106b-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
    5. KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.
      Title: KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.
    6. METTL14 drives growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating pri-miR-93-5p maturation and TXNIP expression.
      Title: METTL14 drives growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating pri-miR-93-5p maturation and TXNIP expression.
    7. Advanced glycation end products induce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by upregulating TXNIP via inhibiting glycolysis pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration.
      Title: Advanced glycation end products induce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by upregulating TXNIP via inhibiting glycolysis pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration.
    8. TXNIP in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via nitric oxide production.
      Title: TXNIP in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via nitric oxide production.
    9. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control.
      Title: The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control.
    10. USP5 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by stabilizing the TXNIP protein.
      Title: USP5 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by stabilizing the TXNIP protein.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (248)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of TXNIP in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables enzyme inhibitor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to tumor cell IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in inflammatory response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in keratinocyte differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cell division IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein import into nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein transport IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to calcium ion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to estradiol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to glucose IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to mechanical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to oxidative stress IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to progesterone IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    thioredoxin-interacting protein
    Names
    thioredoxin binding protein 2
    upregulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3
    vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001313972.2 → NP_001300901.1  thioredoxin-interacting protein isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate 5' most exon which results in the use of an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC243547, AK304670, BQ030003
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS81368.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B1ALI9
      Related
      ENSP00000396322.2, ENST00000425134.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam02752
      Location:119 → 243
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      cl22903
      Location:27 → 97
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

    2. NM_006472.6 → NP_006463.3  thioredoxin-interacting protein isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006463.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC243547, BC093704, BQ030003
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS72876.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E3D3, Q16226, Q6PML0, Q9BXG9, Q9H3M7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DVM7
      Related
      ENSP00000462521.1, ENST00000582401.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:175 → 298
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      cl22903
      Location:10 → 152
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      145992435..145996579 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      145109270..145113414 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9H3M7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H3M7

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
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