TGM4 transglutaminase 4 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TGM4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: transglutaminase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:11780
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000163810 MIM:600585; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11780
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TGP; hTGP
Summary: Predicted to enable protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in peptide cross-linking. Predicted to act upstream of or within mating plug formation. Located in Golgi apparatus and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Restricted expression toward prostate (RPKM 891.0) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3p21.31

Exon count:: 15

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	3	NC_000003.12 (44874608..44914990)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	3	NC_060927.1 (44890333..44930718)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	3	NC_000003.11 (44916100..44956482)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
Title: Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
Title: Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
TGM4 is elevated in the seminal plasma of prostate cancer patients.
Title: Multi-omics Biomarker Pipeline Reveals Elevated Levels of Protein-glutamine Gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 in Seminal Plasma of Prostate Cancer Patients.
TGM4 is a prostatic secretory molecule with critical role in male reproduction.
Title: Transglutaminase 4 as a prostate autoantigen in male subfertility.
indicated that transglutaminase 4 may serve as a potential predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Title: Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes.
Evidence that the retinoic acid receptor gamma plays a major role in the regulation of the hTGP gene and that presence of the androgen receptor, but not its transcriptional transactivation activity, is critical for hTGP transcription.
Title: Retinoic acid and androgen receptors combine to achieve tissue specific control of human prostatic transglutaminase expression: a novel regulatory network with broader significance.
CDKN2A, GATA3, CREBBP, ITGA2, NBL1 and TGM4 were down-regulated in the prostate carcinoma glands compared to the corresponding normal glands
Title: Analysis of laser-microdissected prostate cancer tissues reveals potential tumor markers.
The presence of TGase-4 has a biological impact on a prostate cancer cell's response to MDA-7.
Title: Prostate transglutaminase (TGase-4) antagonizes the anti-tumour action of MDA-7/IL-24 in prostate cancer.
TGase-4 expression is intrinsically linked to the activation of RON in prostate cancer cells and that this autoactivation of RON contributes to the increased cell motility in TGase-4 expressing cells.
Title: The prostate transglutaminase, TGase-4, coordinates with the HGFL/MSP-RON system in stimulating the migration of prostate cancer cells.
The expression status of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer was analyzed.
Title: Differential alternative splicing of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for severe Acne vulgaris. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Cyclosporin (CsA) treatment prevents gp120-dependent induction of apoptosis by blocking the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent effector elements such as transglutaminase (TG) proteins	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	The HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 is an amino acceptor and donor substrate for transglutaminase in vitro; soluble CD4 can block the transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of the polyamine spermidine into HIV-1 gp41	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

WI-7947 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:3871

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in peptide cross-linking	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

Names: TG(P); TGase P; TGase-4; fibrinoligase; prostate transglutaminase; prostate-specific transglutaminase; transglutaminase 4 (prostate); transglutaminase P

NP_003232.2

EC 2.3.2.13

XP_011532344.1

EC 2.3.2.13

XP_054187531.1

EC 2.3.2.13

XP_054203640.1

EC 2.3.2.13

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_003241.4 → NP_003232.2 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003232.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC098649, BC007003, BF678064, DA870110, L34840

Consensus CDS

CCDS2723.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P49221, Q16707, Q96QN4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R7D1

Related

ENSP00000296125.4, ENST00000296125.9

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00460
Location:263 → 353

TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues

COG1305
Location:266 → 353

YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]

pfam00868
Location:9 → 122

Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family

pfam00927
Location:587 → 684

Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

44874608..44914990

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011534042.3 → XP_011532344.1 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011532344.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A994J576, B2R7D1

Related

ENSP00000516167.1, ENST00000705784.1

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00460
Location:308 → 398

TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues

COG1305
Location:311 → 398

YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]

pfam00868
Location:54 → 167

Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family

pfam00927
Location:632 → 729

Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain