From HPO
Hydronephrosis- MedGen UID:
- 42531
- •Concept ID:
- C0020295
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.
Aminoaciduria- MedGen UID:
- 116067
- •Concept ID:
- C0238621
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine.
Recurrent urinary tract infections- MedGen UID:
- 120466
- •Concept ID:
- C0262655
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Repeated infections of the urinary tract.
Hypospadias- MedGen UID:
- 163083
- •Concept ID:
- C0848558
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.
Hydrocele testis- MedGen UID:
- 318568
- •Concept ID:
- C1720771
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Accumulation of clear fluid in the between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) surrounding the testis.
Hyperechogenic kidneys- MedGen UID:
- 477530
- •Concept ID:
- C3275899
- •
- Finding
An increase in amplitude of waves returned in ultrasonography of the kidney, which is generally displayed as increased brightness of the signal.
Alpha-aminobutyric aciduria- MedGen UID:
- 1692971
- •Concept ID:
- C5139100
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Increased amount of alpha-aminobutyric acid in the urine.
Patent ductus arteriosus- MedGen UID:
- 4415
- •Concept ID:
- C0013274
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.
Patent foramen ovale- MedGen UID:
- 8891
- •Concept ID:
- C0016522
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Failure of the foramen ovale to seal postnatally, leaving a potential conduit between the left and right cardiac atria.
Cardiomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 5459
- •Concept ID:
- C0018800
- •
- Finding
Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.
Atrial septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 6753
- •Concept ID:
- C0018817
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Ventricular septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 42366
- •Concept ID:
- C0018818
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Systolic heart murmur- MedGen UID:
- 115909
- •Concept ID:
- C0232257
- •
- Finding
A heart murmur limited to systole, i.e., between the first and second heart sounds S1 and S2.
Left atrial enlargement- MedGen UID:
- 536845
- •Concept ID:
- C0238705
- •
- Finding
Increase in size of the left atrium.
Abnormal left ventricular function- MedGen UID:
- 69237
- •Concept ID:
- C0242698
- •
- Pathologic Function
Inability of the left ventricle to perform its normal physiologic function. Failure is either due to an inability to contract the left ventricle or the inability to relax completely and fill with blood during diastole.
Subvalvular aortic stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 90950
- •Concept ID:
- C0340375
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A fixed form of obstruction to blood flow across the left-ventricular outflow tract related to stenosis (narrowing) below the level of the aortic valve.
Dilatation of the ventricular cavity- MedGen UID:
- 1393082
- •Concept ID:
- C4476545
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A localized outpouching of ventricular cavity that is generally associated with dyskinesia and paradoxical expansion during systole.
Fetal growth restriction- MedGen UID:
- 4693
- •Concept ID:
- C0015934
- •
- Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Failure to thrive- MedGen UID:
- 746019
- •Concept ID:
- C2315100
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Abdominal distention- MedGen UID:
- 34
- •Concept ID:
- C0000731
- •
- Finding
Distention of the abdomen.
Ascites- MedGen UID:
- 416
- •Concept ID:
- C0003962
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Intrahepatic cholestasis- MedGen UID:
- 3042
- •Concept ID:
- C0008372
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in the small bile ducts within the liver.
Diarrhea- MedGen UID:
- 8360
- •Concept ID:
- C0011991
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.
Hepatomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 42428
- •Concept ID:
- C0019209
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Jaundice- MedGen UID:
- 43987
- •Concept ID:
- C0022346
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.
Protein-losing enteropathy- MedGen UID:
- 19522
- •Concept ID:
- C0033680
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, hypoproteinemic edema, and malabsorption. Some patients also exhibit bowel inflammation, recurrent infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, and/or angiopathic thromboembolic disease. Patient T lymphocytes show increased complement activation, causing surface deposition of complement and generating soluble C5a (Ozen et al., 2017).
Vomiting- MedGen UID:
- 12124
- •Concept ID:
- C0042963
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
Liver failure- MedGen UID:
- 88444
- •Concept ID:
- C0085605
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. Causes include cirrhosis and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Signs and symptoms include jaundice and encephalopathy. Laboratory test results reveal abnormal plasma levels of ammonia, bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.
Chronic gastritis- MedGen UID:
- 39089
- •Concept ID:
- C0085695
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A chronic form of gastritis.
Malnutrition- MedGen UID:
- 56429
- •Concept ID:
- C0162429
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A deficiency in the intake of energy and nutrients.
Feeding difficulties- MedGen UID:
- 65429
- •Concept ID:
- C0232466
- •
- Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Pancreatic hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 539808
- •Concept ID:
- C0266267
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Hypoplasia of the pancreas.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 75647
- •Concept ID:
- C0267963
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Impaired function of the exocrine pancreas associated with a reduced ability to digest foods because of lack of digestive enzymes.
Increased hepatic glycogen content- MedGen UID:
- 344698
- •Concept ID:
- C1856285
- •
- Finding
An increase in the amount of glycogen stored in hepatocytes compared to normal.
Hepatic steatosis- MedGen UID:
- 398225
- •Concept ID:
- C2711227
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.
Portal inflammation- MedGen UID:
- 412612
- •Concept ID:
- C2748698
- •
- Pathologic Function
Infiltration of portal fields by inflammatory cells.
Biliary hyperplasia- MedGen UID:
- 892498
- •Concept ID:
- C3686778
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hyperplasia of the biliary tree, as manifested by increased size of bile ducts, dilated lumen, and histologically by an increased number of epithelial cells or hyperplasia.
Elevated hepatic iron concentration- MedGen UID:
- 868497
- •Concept ID:
- C4022891
- •
- Finding
An increased level of iron in liver tissues.
Abnormal hepatic echogenicity- MedGen UID:
- 1378149
- •Concept ID:
- C4477001
- •
- Finding
Any deviation from the normal degree of echogenicity of the liver on sonography. Echogenicity refers to the ability of a tissue to reflect or transmit ultrasound waves in the context of surrounding tissues. Whenever there is an interface of structures with different echogenicities, a visible difference in contrast will be apparent on the screen. Based on echogenicity, a structure can be characterized as hyperechoic (white on the screen), hypoechoic (gray on the screen) and anechoic (black on the screen).
Ballooning hepatocyte degeneration- MedGen UID:
- 1743374
- •Concept ID:
- C5421675
- •
- Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Swelling of the hepatocyte, rounding of its contour, and alteration of the cytoplasm, which takes on a reticulated, rarefied, or flocculant quality. The cytoplasm of the ballooned hepatocytes often contains clumps of eosinophilic ropey material known as Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) or Mallory hyaline, which is composed of hyperphosphorylated misfolded intermediate filaments, ubiquitin, and ubiquitin-binding protein P62.
Dependency on parenteral nutrition- MedGen UID:
- 1814107
- •Concept ID:
- C5558370
- •
- Finding
Inability to ingest sufficient quantities of nutrition by mouth or by tube-feeding with the corresponding requirement for intravenous administration of nutrition.
Cholesteatoma- MedGen UID:
- 3043
- •Concept ID:
- C0008373
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cholesteatoma is a benign but potentially destructive growth consisting of keratinizing epithelium located in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. In cholesteatoma, a skin cyst grows into the middle ear and mastoid. The cyst is not cancerous but can erode tissue and cause destruction of the ear.
Hepatic encephalopathy- MedGen UID:
- 5513
- •Concept ID:
- C0019151
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Central nervous system dysfunction in association with liver failure and characterized clinically (depending on degree of severity) by lethargy, confusion, nystagmus, decorticate posturing, spasticity, and bilateral Babinski reflexes.
Short attention span- MedGen UID:
- 82652
- •Concept ID:
- C0262630
- •
- Finding
Reduced attention span characterized by distractibility and impulsivity.
Delayed speech and language development- MedGen UID:
- 105318
- •Concept ID:
- C0454644
- •
- Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Inappropriate crying- MedGen UID:
- 810697
- •Concept ID:
- C0860609
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Uncontrolled episodes of crying occur without any apparent motivating stimuli.
Poor fine motor coordination- MedGen UID:
- 356863
- •Concept ID:
- C1867864
- •
- Finding
An abnormality of the ability (skills) to perform a precise movement of small muscles with the intent to perform a specific act. Fine motor skills are required to mediate movements of the wrists, hands, fingers, feet, and toes.
Irritability- MedGen UID:
- 397841
- •Concept ID:
- C2700617
- •
- Mental Process
A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.
Delayed CNS myelination- MedGen UID:
- 867393
- •Concept ID:
- C4021758
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.
Neurodevelopmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 868344
- •Concept ID:
- C4022738
- •
- Finding
Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems.
Elevated brain N-acetyl aspartate level by MRS- MedGen UID:
- 1369723
- •Concept ID:
- C4476572
- •
- Finding
An increase in the level of N-acetyl aspartate in the brain identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Anemia- MedGen UID:
- 1526
- •Concept ID:
- C0002871
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.
Thrombocytopenia- MedGen UID:
- 52737
- •Concept ID:
- C0040034
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.
Abnormality of coagulation- MedGen UID:
- 375979
- •Concept ID:
- C1846821
- •
- Finding
An abnormality of the process of blood coagulation. That is, altered ability or inability of the blood to clot.
Inguinal hernia- MedGen UID:
- 6817
- •Concept ID:
- C0019294
- •
- Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Umbilical hernia- MedGen UID:
- 9232
- •Concept ID:
- C0019322
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.
Micrognathia- MedGen UID:
- 44428
- •Concept ID:
- C0025990
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Macrocephaly at birth- MedGen UID:
- 322956
- •Concept ID:
- C1836599
- •
- Finding
The presence of an abnormally large skull with onset at birth.
Joint hypermobility- MedGen UID:
- 336793
- •Concept ID:
- C1844820
- •
- Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Plagiocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1825944
- •Concept ID:
- C2081594
- •
- Finding
Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.
Cough- MedGen UID:
- 41325
- •Concept ID:
- C0010200
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.
Pulmonary edema- MedGen UID:
- 11026
- •Concept ID:
- C0034063
- •
- Pathologic Function
Fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Eczematoid dermatitis- MedGen UID:
- 3968
- •Concept ID:
- C0013595
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces.
Leukopenia- MedGen UID:
- 6073
- •Concept ID:
- C0023530
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal decreased number of leukocytes in the blood.
Lymphocytosis- MedGen UID:
- 9834
- •Concept ID:
- C0024282
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.
Peritonitis- MedGen UID:
- 14697
- •Concept ID:
- C0031154
- •
- Pathologic Function
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Pneumonia- MedGen UID:
- 10813
- •Concept ID:
- C0032285
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of any part of the lung parenchyma.
Sepsis- MedGen UID:
- 48626
- •Concept ID:
- C0036690
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Systemic inflammatory response to infection.
Splenomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 52469
- •Concept ID:
- C0038002
- •
- Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Status asthmaticus- MedGen UID:
- 11584
- •Concept ID:
- C0038218
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Severe asthma unresponsive to repeated courses of beta-agonist therapy such as inhaled albuterol, levalbuterol, or subcutaneous epinephrine.
Recurrent otitis media- MedGen UID:
- 155436
- •Concept ID:
- C0747085
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.
Cow milk allergy- MedGen UID:
- 1668719
- •Concept ID:
- C4758639
- •
- Pathologic Function
Hypersensitivity in form of an adverse immune reaction against cow milk protein.
Hypocalcemia- MedGen UID:
- 5705
- •Concept ID:
- C0020598
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood.
Hyponatremia- MedGen UID:
- 6984
- •Concept ID:
- C0020625
- •
- Finding
An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood.
Reduced circulating vitamin A concentration- MedGen UID:
- 22668
- •Concept ID:
- C0042842
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Concentration of vitamin A below the lower limit of normal in the blood circulation.
Decreased circulating vitamin D concentration- MedGen UID:
- 12114
- •Concept ID:
- C0042870
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The concentration of vitamin D in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal.
Decreased circulating vitamin E concentration- MedGen UID:
- 21881
- •Concept ID:
- C0042875
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A reduced concentration of vitamin E in the blood circulation. Vitamin E is a lipophilic vitamin that is also known as alpha-tocopherol.
Metabolic acidosis- MedGen UID:
- 65117
- •Concept ID:
- C0220981
- •
- Pathologic Function
Metabolic acidosis (MA) is characterized by a fall in blood pH due to a reduction of serum bicarbonate concentration. This can occur as a result of either the accumulation of acids (high anion gap MA) or the loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract or the kidney (hyperchloremic MA). By definition, MA is not due to a respirary cause.
Elevated circulating alpha-fetoprotein concentration- MedGen UID:
- 65916
- •Concept ID:
- C0235971
- •
- Finding
Concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.
Increased circulating ferritin concentration- MedGen UID:
- 69130
- •Concept ID:
- C0241013
- •
- Finding
Increased concentration of ferritin in the blood circulation.
Hyper-beta-alaninemia- MedGen UID:
- 75702
- •Concept ID:
- C0268630
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased concentration of alanine in the blood.
Hyperbilirubinemia- MedGen UID:
- 86321
- •Concept ID:
- C0311468
- •
- Finding
An increased amount of bilirubin in the blood.
Hypoproteinemia- MedGen UID:
- 581229
- •Concept ID:
- C0392692
- •
- Finding
A decreased concentration of protein in the blood.
Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 338525
- •Concept ID:
- C1848701
- •
- Finding
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.
Recurrent fever- MedGen UID:
- 811468
- •Concept ID:
- C3714772
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.
Hyperammonemia- MedGen UID:
- 1802066
- •Concept ID:
- C5574662
- •
- Laboratory or Test Result
An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood.
High forehead- MedGen UID:
- 65991
- •Concept ID:
- C0239676
- •
- Finding
An abnormally increased height of the forehead.
Epicanthus- MedGen UID:
- 151862
- •Concept ID:
- C0678230
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Triangular face- MedGen UID:
- 324383
- •Concept ID:
- C1835884
- •
- Finding
Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.
Depressed nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 373112
- •Concept ID:
- C1836542
- •
- Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Narrow nasal ridge- MedGen UID:
- 373404
- •Concept ID:
- C1837761
- •
- Finding
Decreased width of the nasal ridge.
Blue nevus- MedGen UID:
- 104930
- •Concept ID:
- C0206736
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A solitary, bluish, smooth surfaced macule, papule or plaque that is generally round or oval in shape. The histopathology of blue nevi varies by subtype, but general characteristics include a vertical wedge or bulbous shaped proliferation of spindle cells, dendritic melanocytes, and melanophages into a sclerotic dermis or subcutis.
Nail dystrophy- MedGen UID:
- 66368
- •Concept ID:
- C0221260
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Dry hair- MedGen UID:
- 75809
- •Concept ID:
- C0277960
- •
- Finding
Hair that lacks the luster (shine or gleam) of normal hair.
Dermal translucency- MedGen UID:
- 373141
- •Concept ID:
- C1836646
- •
- Finding
An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility.
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia- MedGen UID:
- 351247
- •Concept ID:
- C1864903
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased concentration of insulin combined with a decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.
Abnormal circulating thyroid hormone concentration- MedGen UID:
- 1623921
- •Concept ID:
- C4531077
- •
- Finding
Any deviation from the normal range of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
Proptosis- MedGen UID:
- 41917
- •Concept ID:
- C0015300
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
- Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Ear malformation
- Growth abnormality